Ectasia vascular antral gastrica (GAVE) / Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE)

La ectasia vascular antral gástrica (GAVE) ha sido reconocida como una de las causas importantes de hemorragia gastrointestinal oculta y oscura. El diagnóstico generalmente se realiza en función de los rasgos endoscópicos característicos, incluida la fila longitudinal de rayas planas y rojizas que irradian desde el píloro hacia el antro que se asemejan a las rayas de una sandía (Watermelon). Estas apariencias, pueden ser fácilmente malinterpretadas como una gastritis de moderada a severa. El diagnóstico del síndrome GAVE en pacientes con enfermedad renal o hepática suele ser problemático porque hay causas más frecuentes de hemorragia gastrointestinal en estas enfermedades como, por ejemplo, malformaciones vasculares, enfermedad ulcerosa péptica, várices esofágicas o gástricas y úlceras colónicas y rectales que eclipsan al síndrome GAVE. Creemos que el tratamiento quirúrgico es una modalidad cuando los diferentes métodos, no pudieron tratar de solucionar esta patología del GAVE. Probablemente en nuestro medio necesitamos más sospecha clínica de esta patología, como así mismo mayor experiencia en los tratamientos endoscópicos de tipo terapéuticos. Ante la falla de estos métodos, la cirugía , ya sea laparoscópica o convencional siguen teniendo lugar en la resolución de estos pacientes con patología poco común.

Gastric antral vascular ectasia (Gave) has been recognized as one of the important causes of hidden and dark gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The diagnosis is generally performed based on the characteristic endoscopic features, including the longitudinal row of flat and reddish stripes that radiate from the pylorus to the antrum that resemble the stripes of a watermelon (watermelon). These appearances can be easily misunderstood as moderate to severe gastritis. The diagnosis of the Gave syndrome in patients with renal or hepatic disease is usually problematic because there are more frequent causes of gastrointestinal bleeding in these diseases such as vascular malformations, peptic ulcerative disease, esophageal or gastric veins and colonic and rectal ulcers that eclipsan al Gave syndrome. We believe that surgical treatment is a modality when the different methods could not try to solve this pathology of the Gave. Probably in our environment we need more clinical suspicion of this pathology, as well as more experience in therapeutic endoscopic treatments. Given the failure of these methods, surgery, whether laparoscopic or conventional continue to take place in the resolution of these patients with unusual pathology.

Prospective Study of Benign Breast Disease in a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital

Objective of the present study was to evaluate different patterns of benign breast diseases and theirmode of presentation and also to correlate between clinical and pathological findings in cases ofpalpable lesion of breast. A total of 130 patients who attended the Surgery Department in MMIMSRMedical College, Mullana, Ambala with various forms of BBDs, during the period from January 2014to April 2016, were studied. Early diagnoses by doing a triple assessment such as a clinical examination,fine-needle aspiration cytology or a core needle biopsy, and imaging methods such as ultrasonographyor mammography. The clinical diagnoses were compared with the cytological or histological findingswherever possible, and their accuracies were evaluated. Out of the 130 patients who were studied,majority of patients who presented with breast lumps, were in the reproductive age group. Fibroadenoma(41.5%) and fibrocystic (14.6) diseases were the most common BBD's. Most patients presented aspainless lump which is need to be differentiated from carcinoma. BBD's most commonly affectedupper and outer quadrant. Most of the patient (61%) presented within 6 months of development ofbreast lesion showing increasing awareness in females of rural India. BBDs are common in femalepatients. The triple assessment provided a quick diagnosis, and it alleviated unnecessary anxiety fromthe patients about breast cancer. The clinical diagnosis of a breast lump, as confirmed by cytologyand histology, was accurate in most of the cases.

Ectasia vascular gástrica antral. Tratamiento endoscópico con argón plasma coagulación. (APC) / Gastric antral vascular ectasia. Endoscopic treatment with argon plasmacoagulation. (APC)

La Ectasia Vascular Gástrica Antral es una rara causa de sangrado digestivo alto y la ablación con argón plasma resulta la primera línea de tratamiento actual. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar la efectividad y seguridad del APC en el tratamiento de este síndrome, en pacientes atendidos en el Centro Nacional de Cirugía de Mínimo Acceso. Se presenta una casuística retrospectiva de 11 pacientes, con predominio femenino (8 pacientes) y rango de edades entre 28 y 81 años, quienes recibieron ablación con APC por sesiones, con seguimiento posterior de 12 meses. Predominó la cirrosis hepática entre los antecedentes patológicos personales, la anemia como forma de presentación clínica y la variedad difusa. El número de sesiones de argón osciló entre 1 y 4 con promedio de 2.5, con una recidiva durante el seguimiento y no se presentaron complicaciones mayores secundarias a la terapia endoscópica.

Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia is a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and Argon Plasma ablation is its current first line treatment. The aim of this paper is to analyze the effectiveness and safety of argon plasma coagulation in the treatment of this syndrome in a sample of patients treated at the National Center for Minimal Access Surgery. We present a retrospective series of cases of 11 patients with female predominance (8 patients) and age range between 28 and 81 years who received APC ablations sessions with subsequent follow up within 12 months. Hepatic cirrhosis predominated among the personal pathological antecedents, anemia was the most common clinical presentation followed by a wide variety of symptoms. The number of sessions with argon fluctuated between one and four for a 2.5 average and with recurrence during the follow up period. There were not major secondary complications to endoscopy therapy.

Tratamento endoscópico de lesões sangrantes do trato gastrointestinal por meio de eletrocoagulação com argônio / Endoscopic treatment of bleeding lesions of the gastrointestinal tract by argon plasma coagulation

Introdução e objetivos: A eletrocoagulação com argônio (APC) é um método térmico de não-contato que pode ser utilizado como alternativa ao laser em endoscopia. Um amplo espectro de indicações têm sido propostas para tratamento através de APC, desde a introdução do uso em endoscopia, em 1991. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a eficácia do uso do APC na hemostasia endoscópica de lesões sangrantes do esôfago, estômago, duodeno, cólon e reto. Metodologia: Um total de 22 pacientes consecutivos (14M/8F, média de idade 66,7 anos) foram submetidos ao tratamento com APC entre 1998 e fevereiro de 2002. As causas de sangramento incluíam retite actínica (12 pacientes), ectasia vascular do antro gástrico (GAVE) ­ watermelon stomach (6 pacientes), angiodisplasias de esôfago, estômago e cólon (2 pacientes), gastrite actínica (1 paciente) e síndrome de Osler-Weber-Rendu (1 paciente). Resultados: Um total de 49 sessões foram realizadas (média de 2,2 sessões por paciente). Sucesso no tratamento endoscópico foi obtido em 18 pacientes (85,8%). Complicações foram observadas em 3 pacientes: 2 apresentaram dor local após as sessões de APC e um paciente desenvolveu estenose retal tratada com sucesso em uma sessão de dilatação endoscópica. Não houve mortalidade relacionada ao método. Conclusões: APC é um método seguro, efetivo, de relativo baixo custo e boa aceitação pelos pacientes para o tratamento de lesões sangrantes do trato gastrointestinal. Deve, portanto, ser considerado método de primeira escolha no tratamento dessas afecções (AU)

Background and aims: Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is an innovative non-touch electrocoagulation technique. A broad spectrum of indications has been proposed for APC since its introduction into endoscopy in 1991. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of utilizing APC in the endoscopic hemostasis of bleeding lesions of the esophagus, stomach, duodenun, colon and rectum. Methodology: A total of 22 consecutive patients (14M/ 8 F, mean age 66.7 years) underwent APC treatment between 1998 and february 2002. Causes of bleeding included radiation colitis (12 patients), gastric antral vascular ectasia ­ watermelon stomach (6 patients), esophagus,stomach and colon angiodysplasia (2 patients), radiation gastritis (1 patient) and Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome (1 patient). Results: A total of 49 sessions were performed (mean 2.2 sessions / patient). Succesful endoscopic APC treatment was achieved in 18 patients (85,8%). Complications were observed in 2 patients that referred local pain after therapy and 1 patient that developed a rectal stenosis succesfully reversed in one session of endoscopic dilation. No mortality related to APC was observed. Conclusions: APC is a safe, effective, and relative low-cost hemostatic modality for bleeding vascular lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, APC should be considered as a first-line therapy for these conditions (AU)

A case of gastric antral vascular ectasia treated with argon plasma coagulation / 대한내과학회지

Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is a rare but important cause of chronic gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopically, it has characteristic thickened red vascular folds radiating from the pylorus to the antrum. Diagnosis is made primarily by endoscopy. Histologic examination of the endoscopic mucosal biopsies may confirm the endoscopic diagnosis. Many treatment modalities of the gastric antral vascular ectasia exist. One of them, the argon plasma coagulation (APC) is an excellent therapeutic tool. Inactive argon gas is converted to ionized form by means of electrical energy. Ionized argon plasma conducts high frequency electrical energy to tissues and leads coagulation necrosis of tissues. We experienced a case of gastric antral vascular ectasia presenting melena for about one month in a 72-year-old man treated endoscopically in four sessions with argon plasma coagulation.